Don’t really get why the longest/shortest days are very important to be honest.
That said, how did the ancients manage to work out the exact date?
Just as clever or stupid as us. But worked with less technology. Time taken to work out would have been longer, but the capacity to think, reason and resolve is the same.
They also had to work with the seasons. Solstice important so they can start planning food for the coming growing season.
I expect the community was more in touch with the cycles of nature than we are today.
I also think they were far more connected to other communities than historians think, no evidence of this apart from my experience with people. We are naturally social and inquisitive. Talking, learning and therefore trading are important parts of our social fabric.
Don’t really get why the longest/shortest days are very important to be honest.
That said, how did the ancients manage to work out the exact date?
On your first point - they are not really as important now, but thousands of years ago the seasons and the changing weather, daylight and so on were essential for what was an agrarian civilisation.
How did they work it out? By plotting the position of the sunrise throughout the year. They would have worked out that there were 365 days in a year - a simple tally rather than the Gregorian calendar of course, and hey presto.
Edit: @fenlandaddick said pretty much the same - before me!
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